Renal abscess is an uncommon cause of fever of unknown origin in childhood. The diagnosis of the disease is made by ultrasonography and computed tomography because of nonspecific clinical and laboratory findings. Renal abscess may be cortical or corticomedullary. The predominantly causative agent of renal cortical abscess is Staphylococcus aureus with hematogenous spread from a cutaneous or upper respiratory source. On the other hand, gram-negative organisms are most prevalent in the patients with renal abscess associated with urinary system pathologies. We herein report a 3-year-old boy with a Staphylococcus aureus abscess and bilateral vesicoureteral reflux.

Keywords: renal abscess, perinephric abscess, childhood