Despite recent progress in the diagnosis and long-term treatment of type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) continues to be the most important cause of death in childhood diabetes. According to the studies reported from the U.S., mortality due to DKA is between 0.21 and 0.25%. Late referral to hospitals and/or insufficient treatment regimens are responsible for even higher mortality rates in some countries and regions. Cases of DKA are treated according to accepted regimens, but fatal cerebral complications may occur occasionally. It is clear that most cases have minimal cerebral edema at diagnosis; however; fatal cerebral complications occur during treatment. For this reason, debates about the treatment regimens of DKA are continuing. Recently, the European Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) and Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) published a consensus statement on DKA in children and adolescents. It is reviewed, together with diabetic ketoacidosis treatment based on the recent literature and our clinical experience.

Keywords: Tip 1 diyabet, diyabetik ketoasidoz, serebral komplikasyon, Type 1 diabetes, diabetetic ketoacidosis, cerebral complications