Ahi Çelebi is a well-known Turkish physician of the 16th century. His father was also one of the famous physicians during the age of Mohamed the Conqueror and of Bayazit II. Çelebi learned medicine from his father and from Kutbuddin and Altunizade. He became the Head Physician at "Fatih Darussifasi" (Fatih Hospital) and became the Royal Physician during the reigns of Bayazit II and Yavuz Sultan Selim. He published his studies on the subject of “Urinary Calculi”. This monography is in Turkish and it is titled, “A Pamphlet on Kidney and Bladder Calculi”. The pamphlet contains 10 chapters. In this pamphlet, the observations of both national and foreign medical authorities, including Rhazes and Avincenna, are considered. He added his views in general regarding the diagnosis and symptoms of this disease. Ahi Çelebi tried to explain the calculus etiology with the dominating humor theory of his time, discussing the various kinds of constitutional disturbances. In the first chapter of the pamphlet he stated that renal calculi are more common in obese patients, while bladder stones are usually seen in wasted patients. He stated that urinary calculi are more frequent in males because of the anatomy of the urethra. He also held that corruption of cow’s milk may cause urinary calculi in infants.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ahi Çelebi, history of pediatrics, urinary calculi