Although Turkey is an endemic region for urinary tract stone disease, no recent data about the incidence of pediatric stone disease is available. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pediatric urolithiasis cases seen in our department in the last 10 years, and to compare the results of patient demographics and diagnostic strategies of the first and second five-year periods. Of 106 patients, 63 were boys (59%). Fifty-four percent of all cases had a history of stone passage in one or more relatives, and 45%had urinary tract infection. The most common symptom was restlessness in the first two years of life, and abdominal pain in older children. Hypercalciuria was detected in 33 patients (30.8%), while 14 had hypocitraturia and 18 had hyperoxaluria on metabolic evaluation. Nineteen cases had microlithiasis, and 15 of all cases had recurrence of the stone disease. The number of patients was increased in the second five-year period compared with the first. Hypercalciuria is the most common predisposing factor for the development of urolithiasis, which should be manipulated properly. Metabolic evaluation facilities for urolithiasis seem to still be insufficient.

Keywords: ürolitiyazis, pediatri, hiperkalsiüri, mikrolitiyazis, urolithiasis, pediatrics, hypercalciuria, microlithiasis.